SSM perspective
Background
The primary focus of SSM’s communication with stakeholders in relation to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste has for several years been on formal consultation processes surrounding the Swedish nuclear power industry’s research and development programme as well as SKB’s licence applications under the Nuclear Activities Act. Following licensing by the Swedish Government, it is relevant for the Authority to consider whether new forms of dialogue and consultation with stakeholders are appropriate in relation to the construction and operation of the facilities. This is particularly relevant in relation to the local population, but also concern to other actors (authorities and non-governmental organisations) at a regional and national level.
SSM’s statutory role regarding the supervision of radiation safety constitutes an important responsibility on behalf of society, which cannot be delegated to other actors. Nevertheless, when those concerned are given the opportunity to gain insight into and have influence on the Authority’s work, this facilitates the best possible basis for decision-making. The Authority therefore commissioned this research project with the aim of better understanding the advantages and disadvantages of different types of stakeholder engagement processes, to support the development of practicable proposals to encompass both formal review stages and ongoing dialogue with affected parties.
Results
The results of the research project combine reflections obtained from interviews with a range of different stakeholder groups with insights gained from academic research into the regulatory role and the different “styles” with which regulators may engage with concerned parties. The report highlights a number of clear expectations from Swedish stakeholders, notably a desire for open engagement and discussion, extending beyond soliciting written statements and opinions as part of a formal consultation process at specific steps in regulatory decision making. In this respect, the authors highlight in particular the concept of the regulator as an intermediary – accessible and capable of understanding and responding to questions and concerns raised by others. The report’s conclusions also underline the importance of dialogue for being attentive to emerging issues, so that engagement going forward, as the regulatory process becomes increasingly focused on technical detail, is not simply seen as “closing down” opportunities for discussion on matters of interest and concern.
Relevance
It was never the intention that the project should result in a list of specific recommendations for the approach to be taken by SSM going forward. This is recognised by the authors as being a matter for SSM policy, taking into account wider institutional requirements and constraints. However, on the basis of the information gained and synthesised in the report, there are several important issues identified that should be addressed in the further development of SSM’s policy and strategy for engagement. Although addressed primarily against the background of the final disposal of spent fuel, such considerations are likely to be relevant to the development of a consistent policy on stakeholder engagement for other types of nuclear facility in Sweden.
Need for further research
No specific needs for further research are identified at this stage. However, this does not exclude the potential need for support in the further development and implementation of SSM’s policy and strategy for stakeholder engagement.